Publications

Accepted/In Press

scuba_diving Grove LJW, Blondeau J, Swanson DW, Heidmann SL, Smith SG, Brandtneris VW, Smith TB (in press) Expansion of an established fishery-independent survey into the U.S. Virgin Islands’ upper mesophotic zone: feasibility and management implications. Bulletin of Marine Science https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2023.0013

scuba_diving Heidmann SL, Brandtneris VW, Ennis RS, Blondeau J, Grove LJW, Smith TB (in press) Depth and structure as environmental drivers of fish communities across a shallow to mesophotic gradient in the northern US Virgin Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science https://doi.org/10.5343/bms.2023.0022

scuba_diving Slattery M, Lesser MP, Rocha LA, Spalding HL, Smith TB (in press) The role of mesophotic reefs in coral ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2024.01.011

2023

looks Adem K, *Flanagan D, Brandt ME, Ortiz J, Smith TB (2023) Semi-analytical inversion modelling of Chlorophyll a variability in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Frontiers in Remote Sensing 4

looks Barber PH, Barber-Choi JK, Betancourt A, Cuker B, Davis A, Fong CR, Fong P, Fong J, Gibson DM, Smith TB (accepted) Advancing diversity and inclusivity in ocean sciences by re-envisioning overlooked barriers in scientific diving training. Oceanography https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2024.125

looks Beavers K, Van Buren E, Rossin A, Emery M, Veglia A, Karrick C, MacKnight N, Dimos B, Meiling S,Smith TB, Apprill A, Muller EM, Holstein DM, Correa AMS, Brandt ME, Mydlarz L (in press) Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease Induces Transcriptional Signatures ofin situDegradation of Dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae. Nature Communications

grain Parsons ML, Richlen ML, Smith TB, Anderson DM, Abram AL, Erdner D, Robertson A (2023) CiguaMOD I: a conceptual model of ciguatoxin loading in the Greater Caribbean Region. Harmful Algae:102561

grain Richlen ML, Horn K, Uva V, Fachon E, Heidmann SL, Smith TB, Parsons ML, Anderson DM (2023) Gambierdiscus species diversity and community structure in St. Thomas, USVI and the Florida Keys, USA. Harmful Algae:102562

scuba_diving Townsend JE, Brandt ME, Mukherjee S, Medina M, Smith TB (2023) Differing lesion recovery rates of two Caribbean stony coral species across a shallow water to mesophotic depth gradient suggest different sensitivity to repeated disturbance. Coral Reefs https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-023-02414-3

2022

looks Edmunds PJ, Smith TB (2022) Spatial variation in the dynamics and synchrony of coral reefs in the US Virgin Islands. Marine Biology 169:60

looks Holstein DM, Smith TB, Van Hooidonk R, Paris C (2022) Predicting coral metapopulation decline in a changing thermal environment. Coral Reefs 41: 961–972

looks *Huntley N, Brandt ME, Becker C, Miller C, Meiling S, Correa A, Holstein DM, Muller E, Mydlarz L, Smith TB, Apprill A (2022) Experimental transmission of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease results in differential microbial responses within coral mucus and tissue. ISME Communications 2:46

looks Ma L, Becker C, Weber L, Sullivan C, Zgliczynski B, Sandin S, Brandt M, Smith TB, Apprill A (2022) Biogeography of reef water microbes from within reef to global scales. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 88:81-94

looks Santavy DL, Jackson SK, Jessup B, Gerritsen J, Rogers C, Fisher WS, Weil E, Szmant A, Cuevas-Miranda D, Walker BK, Jeffrey C, Bradley P, Ballantine D, Roberson L, Ruiz-Torres H, Todd B, Smith T, Clark R, Diaz E, Bauzá-Ortega J, Horstmann C, Raimondo S (2022) A biological condition gradient for coral reefs in the US Caribbean Territories: Part I. Coral narrative rules. Ecological Indicators 138:108805

looks *Veglia A, *Beavers K, Van Buren E, Meiling S, Muller E, Smith TB, Holstein DM, Apprill A, Brandt ME, Mydlarz L, Correa A (2022) Novel Alphaflexiviridae genomes associated with stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD)-affected, disease-exposed and unexposed coral colonies in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Microbiology Resource Announcements 11:e01199-01121

2021

looks Brandt ME, Ennis RS, Meiling SS, Townsend J, Cobleigh K, Glahn A, Quetel J, Brandtneris VW, Henderson LM, Smith TB (2021) The emergence and initial impact of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) in the United States Virgin Islands. Frontiers in Marine Science 8:1105 

scuba_diving Chaves-Fonnegra A, Panassiti B, Smith TB, *Brown E, *Clemens E, *Sevier M, Brandt ME (2021) Seawater turbidity and temperature as drivers of white plague disease on Caribbean coral reefs. Ecography 40:1071-1085

looks* Costa SV, *Hibberts SJ, *Olive DA, *Budd KA, *Long AE, *Meiling SS, *Miller MB, *Vaughn KM, *Carrión CI, *Cohen MB, *Savage AE, *Souza MF, Buckley L, Grimes, KW, Platenberg R, Smith TB, Blondeau J, Brandt ME (2021) Diversity and Disease: The effects of coral diversity on prevalence and impacts of stony coral tissue loss disease in Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Frontiers in Marine Science 8:747

scuba_diving *Egan KE, Viehman TS, Holstein DM, Poti M, Groves SH, Smith TB (2021) Predicting the distribution of threatened orbicellid corals in shallow and mesophotic reef ecosystems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 667:61-81

looks *Hollister KJ, Ennis RS, Spalding HL, Gabrielson GW, Smith TB (2021) Caribbean corals exhibit species-specific differences in competitive abilities with an aggressive encrusting alga, Ramicrusta textilis. Coral Reefs 40:1729-1740

grain Liefer JD, Richlen ML, Smith TB, DeBose JL, Xu Y, Anderson DM, Robertson A (2021) Asynchrony of Gambierdiscus spp. abundance and toxicity in the U.S. Virgin Islands: Implications for monitoring and management of ciguatera. Toxins 13(6)  

looks Meiling SS, Muller EM, Lasseigne D, Rossin A, Veglia AJ, MacKnight N, Dimos B, Huntley N, Correa AMS, Smith TB, Holstein DM, Mydlarz LD, Apprill A, Brandt ME (2021) Variable species responses to experimental stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) exposure. Frontiers in Marine Science 8:464

looks Ogurcak DE, Donoso M, Duran A, Ennis RS, Gann D, Gulick A, Olivas P, Smith TB, Stoa R, Vargas J, Wachnika A, Whitman E (2021) Natural resource condition assessment: Buck Island  Reef National Monument. Natural Resource Report NPS/BUIS/NRR—2022/2380. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado.

looks Ogurcak DE, Donoso M, Duran A, Ennis RS, Frankovich T, Gann D, Olivas P, Smith TB, Stoa R, Vargas J, Wachnika A, Whitman E (2021) Natural resource condition assessment: Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve. Natural Resource Report NPS/SARI/NRR—2022/XXXX. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. 

looks Ogurcak DE, Donoso M, Duran A, Ennis RS, Frankovich T, Gann D, Olivas P, Smith TB, Stoa R, Vargas J, Wachnika A, Whitman E (2021) Natural resource condition assessment:  Virgin Islands National Park and Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument. Natural Resource Report NPS/VIIS/NRR—2022/2408. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. 

grain Parsons ML, Richlen ML, Smith TB, Solow AR, Andersons DM (2021) Evaluation of 24-hour screen deployments as a standardized platform to monitor Gambierdiscus populations in the Florida Keys and U.S. Virgin Islands.  Harmful Algae 103:101998

grain *Pitz KJ, Richlen ML, Fachon E, Smith TB, Parsons ML, Anderson DM (2021) Development of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes to detect and enumerate Gambierdiscus species. Harmful Algae 101:101914

looks *Ramseyer T, Tronholm A, Turner T, Brandt ME, Smith TB (2021) Elevated nutrients and herbivory negatively affect Dictyota growth dynamics. Marine Ecology Progress Series 671:81-95

2020

looks *Artim JM, Nicholson MD, Hendrick GC, Brandt M, Smith TB, Sikkel PC (2020) Abundance of a cryptic generalist parasite reflects degradation of an ecosystem. Ecosphere 11:e03268

looks Bradley P, Jessup B, Pittman SJ, Jeffrey CFG, Ault JS, Carrubba L, Lilyestrom C, Appeldoorn RS, Schärer MT, Walker BK, McField M, Santavy DL, Smith TB, García-Moliner G, Smith SG, Huertas E, Gerritsen J, Oliver LM, Horstmann C, Jackson SK (2020) Development of a reef fish biological condition gradient model with quantitative decision rules for the protection and restoration of coral reef ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin 159:111387

looks Gochfeld DJ, Olson JB, Chaves-Fonnegra A, Smith TB, Ennis RS, Brandt ME (2020) Impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria on coral reef sponge communities in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Estuaries and Coasts 43: 1235-1247

looks *Meiling S, Smith TB, Muller E, Brandt ME (2020) 3D photogrammetry reveals dynamics of stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) lesion progression across a thermal stress event. Frontiers in Marine Science 7: 597643

looks *Williams L, Smith TB, Burge CA, Brandt ME (2020) Species-specific susceptibility to white plague disease in three common Caribbean corals. Coral Reefs 39:27-31

2019

scuba_diving Bongaerts P, Smith TB (2019) Beyond the ‘deep reef refuge’ hypothesis: a conceptual framework to characterize persistence at depth. In: Loya Y, Puglise KA, Bridge T (eds) Coral Reefs of the World: Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. Springer

looks Edmunds PJ, Adam TC, Baker AC, Doo SS, Glynn PW, Manzello DP, Silbiger NJ, Smith TB, Fong P (2019) Why more comparative approaches are required in time-series analyses of coral reef ecosystems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 608:297-306

scuba_diving Holstein DM, Fletcher P, Groves SH, Smith TB (2019) Ecosystems services of mesophotic coral ecosystems and a call for better accounting. In: Loya Y, Puglise KA, Bridge T (eds) Coral Reefs of the World: Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. Springer

looks National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2019) A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC. Co-author and member of committee “Interventions to Increase the Resilience of Coral Reefs”

scuba_diving Smith TB, Brandt ME, Brandtneris VW, Ennis RS, Groves SH, Habtes S, Holstein DM, Kadison E, Nemeth RS (2019) Mesophotic coral ecosystems of the United States Virgin Islands. In: Loya Y, Puglise KA, Bridge T (eds) Coral Reefs of the World: Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. Springer

scuba_diving Smith TB, Holstein DM, Ennis RS (2019) Disturbance in mesophotic coral ecosystems and linkages to conservation and management.  In: Loya Y, Puglise KA, Bridge T (eds) Coral Reefs of the World: Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems. Springer

2018

looks Chaves-Fonnegra A, Riegl B, Zea S, Lopez JV, Smith TB, Brandt M, Gilliam DS (2018) Bleaching events regulate shifts from corals to excavating sponges in algae-dominated reefs. Global Change Biology 24:773-785

grain Lozano-Duque YL, Richlen ML, Smith TB, Anderson DM, Erdner DL (2018) Development and validation of PCR-RFLP assay for identification of Gambierdiscus species in the greater Caribbean region. Journal of Applied Phycology  30(6):3529-3540

scuba_diving*Groves SH, Holstein DM, Enochs IC, Kolodzeij G, Manzello DP, Brandt ME, Smith TB (2018) Growth rates of Porites astreoides and Orbicella franksi in mesophotic habitats surrounding St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands. Coral Reefs 37(2): 345-354. 

grain Loeffler C, Robertson A, Flores Quintana H, Canals-Silander M, Smith TB, Olsen D (2018) Ciguatoxin prevalence in four commercial fish species along an oceanic exposure gradient in the U.S. Virgin Islands.  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 37(7):1852-1863

scuba_diving*Maher RL, Johnston MA, Brandt ME, Smith TB, Correa AMS (2018) Depth and coral cover drive the distribution of a coral macroborer across two reef systems. PLoS one 13:e0199462-e0199462

looks National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2018) A Research Review of Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Co-author and member of committee “Interventions to Increase the Resilience of Coral Reefs”

grain Sassenhagen I, Gao Y, Lozano-Duque Y, Parsons M, Smith TB, Erdner D (2018) Comparison of spatial and temporal genetic differentiation in a harmful dinoflagellate species emphasizes impact of local processes. Frontiers in Marine Science 5(593)

2017

scuba_diving Kadison E, Brandt M, Nemeth R, Martens J, Blondeau J, Smith TB (2017) Abundance of commercially important reef fish indicates different levels of over-exploitation across shelves of the U.S. Virgin Islands. PLOS ONE 12:e0180063

grain Lyu Y, Richlen ML, Sehein TR, Chinain M, Adachi M, Nishimura T, Xua Y, Parsons ML, Smith TB, Zheng T, Anderson DM (2017) LSU rDNA based RFLP assays for the routine identification of Gambierdiscus species.  Harmful Algae 66:20-28

2016

scuba_diving *Andradi-Brown D, Laverick J, Bejarano I, Bridge T, Colin PL, Eyal G, Jones R, Kahng SE, Reed J, Smith TB, Spalding HL, Weil E, Wood E (2016) Chapter 6. Threats to mesophotic coral ecosystems and management options. In: Baker EK, Puglise KA, Harris PT (eds) Mesophotic coral ecosystems — A lifeboat for coral reefs. The United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal, Nairobi and Arendal, pp98

scuba_diving Brandtneris*§ VW, Brandt ME, Glynn PW, Gyory J, Smith TB (2016) Seasonal variability in energy content is greater in mesophotic corals. PLoS ONE 11:e0151953

looks *Bright AJ, Rogers C, Brandt M, Muller E, Smith TB (2016) Disease prevalence and snail predation associated with swell-generated damage on the threatened coral, Acropora palmata (Lamarck). Frontiers in Marine Science 3:77

looks Devlin-Durante MK, Miller MW, Caribbean Acropora Research Group [Carne L, Smith TB, Banaszak AT, Greer L, Fogarty ND, Williams D], Precht WF, Baums IB (2016) How old are you? Genet age estimates in a clonal animal.  Molecular Ecology 25:5628–5646

looks *Ennis RS, Brandt ME, Wilson KR, Smith TB (2016) Coral reef health response to chronic and acute changes in water quality in St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands.  Marine Pollution Bulletin 111:418-427

scuba_diving Holstein DM, Smith TB, Appeldoorn RS (2016) Chapter 5. Ecosystem services provided by mesophotic coral ecosystems. In: Baker EK, Puglise KA, Harris PT (eds) Mesophotic coral ecosystems — A lifeboat for coral reefs? The United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal, Nairobi and Arendal, pp98

scuba_diving *Holstein DM, Smith TB, Paris CB (2016) Depth-independent reproduction in the reef coral Porites astreoides from shallow to mesophotic zones.  PLoS ONE 11:e0146068

scuba_diving *Holstein DM, Smith TB, Vaz AC, Paris CB (2016) Modeling vertical coral connectivity and mesophotic refugia. Coral Reefs 35:23-37

scuba_diving *Serrano XM, Baums IB, Smith TB, Jones RJ, Shearer TL, Baker AC (2016) Long-distance dispersal and vertical gene flow in the Caribbean brooding coral Porites astreoides. Scientific Reports 6:21619

scuba_diving Smith TB, Brandtneris VW, Canals M, Brandt ME, Martens J, Brewer RS, Kadison E, *Kammann M, *Keller J, Holstein DM (2016) Potential structuring forces on a shelf edge upper mesophotic coral ecosystem in the US Virgin Islands. Frontiers in Marine Science 3:115  DOI:10.3389/fmars.2016.00115

scuba_diving Smith TB, Gyory J, Brandt ME, Miller WJ, *Jossart J, Nemeth RS (2016) Caribbean mesophotic coral ecosystems are unlikely climate change refugia. Global Change Biology 22:2756–2765  DOI:10.1111/gcb.13175

scuba_diving Smith TB, Holstein DM (2016) Chapter 3.4 The United States Virgin Islands, USA. in Baker, E.K., Puglise, K.A. and Harris, P.T. (Eds.). Mesophotic coral ecosystems — A lifeboat for coral reefs? In: Baker EK, Puglise KA, Harris PT (eds) Mesophotic coral ecosystems — A lifeboat for coral reefs? The United Nations Environment Programme and GRID-Arendal, Nairobi and Arendal, pp98

scuba_diving *Weinstein DK, Sharifi A, Klaus JS, Smith TB, Giri SJ, Helmle KP (2016) Coral growth, bioerosion, and secondary accretion of living orbicellid corals from mesophotic reefs in the US Virgin Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 559:45-63

grain *Xu Y, Richlen ML, Liefer J, Robertson A, Kulis D, Smith TB, Parsons ML, Anderson DM (2016) Influence of environmental variables on Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) growth and distribution. PLoS ONE11:e0153197

2015

scuba_diving *Holstein DM, Smith TB, Gyory J, Paris CB (2015) Fertile fathoms: mesophotic reefs as reproductive refugia.  Scientific Reports 5:12407

grain *Loeffler CR, Richlen ML, Brandt ME, Smith TB (2015) Effects of grazing, nutrients, and depth on the ciguatera-causing dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus in the US Virgin Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series531:91-104

looks *Sabine AM, Smith TB, Williams DE, Brandt ME (2015) Environmental conditions influence tissue regeneration rates in scleractinian corals. Marine Pollution Bulletin 95:253-264

scuba_diving *Weinstein D, Smith TB, Klaus J (2015) Habitat heterogeneity reflected in mesophotic reef sediments. Sedimentary Geology 329:177-187

2014

looks Edmunds PJ, Adjeroud M, Baskett ML, Baums IB, Budd AF, Carpenter RC, Fabina NS, Fan T-Y, Franklin EC, Gross K, *Han X, Jacobson L, Klaus JS, McClanahan TR, O'Leary JK, van Oppen MJH, Pochon X, *Putnam HM, Smith TB, Stat M, Sweatman H, van Woesik R, Gates RD (2014) Persistence and change in community composition of reef corals through present, past, and future climates.  PLoS ONE 9:e107525

looks Schärer-Umpierre MT, Mateos-Molina D, Appeldoorn R, Bejarano I, Hernández-Delgado EA, Nemeth RS, Nemeth M, Valdés-Pizzini M, Smith TB (2014) Marine managed areas and associated fisheries in the US Caribbean. In: Johnson ML, Sandell J (eds) Advances in Marine Biology: Marine Managed Areas and Fisheries. Elsevier, pp416

scuba_diving*Serrano X, Baums I, O’Reilly K, Smith TB, Jones R, Shearer T, Flavia N, Baker A (2014) Geographic differences in vertical connectivity in the Caribbean coral Montastraea cavernosa despite high levels of horizontal connectivity at shallow depths. Molecular Ecology 23:4226–4240

scuba_diving*Weinstein DK, Smith TB, Klaus JS (2014) Mesophotic bioerosion: structural impact and changes with depth on US Virgin Island deep reefs. Geomorphology 222:14-24

2013

looks Brandt ME, Smith TB, Correa AMS, Vega-Thurber R (2013) Disturbance driven colony fragmentation as a driver of a coral disease outbreak. PLoS ONE 8:e57164

grain *Radke EG, Grattan LM, Cook RL, Smith TB, Anderson DM, Morris Jr. JG (2013) Ciguatera incidence in the US Virgin Islands has not increased over a 30-year time period despite rising seawater temperatures. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88:908-913

grain Robertson A, Garcia AC, Flores Quintana HA, Smith TB, Castillo BF, Reale-Munroe K, Gulli JA, Olsen DA, Jester ELE, Hooe-Rollman JI, Jester ELE, Klimek BJ, Plakas SM (2013) Invasive Lionfish (Pterois volitans): A potential human health threat for Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in tropical waters.  Marine Drugs12:88-97

looks Smith TB, Brandt ME, Calnan JM, Nemeth RS, Blondeau J, Kadison E, Taylor M, Rothenberger JP (2013) Convergent mortality responses of Caribbean coral species to seawater warming. Ecosphere 4:art87

looks *Soffer N, Brandt ME, Correa AMS, Smith TB, Vega Thurber R (2013) Viruses as putative pathogens of white plague coral disease. The ISME Journal 8:271-283

2010

looks Eakin CM, Morgan JA, Heron SF, Smith TB, and 63 others (2010) Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005. PLoS ONE 5:e13969

scuba_divingGleason ACR, Lirman D, Gintert B, Dick M, Reid RP, Gracias N, Smith TB (2010) Landscape video mosaic from a mesophotic coral ecosystem. Coral Reefs 29:253

looks Kadison E, Nemeth RS, Blondeau J, Smith TB, Calnan JM (2010) Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus) in St. Thomas, US Virgin Islands, with evidence for a spawning aggregation site recovery. Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 62:273-279

looks Smith TB, Fong P, Kennison R, Smith J (2010) Spatial refuges and associational defenses promote harmful blooms of the alga Caulerpa sertularioides onto coral reefs. Oecologia 164:1039-1048

scuba_divingSmith TB, Blondeau J, Nemeth RS, Pittman, SJ, Calnan JM, Kadison E, Gass J (2010) Benthic structure and cryptic mortality in a Caribbean mesophotic coral reef bank system, the Hind Bank Marine Conservation District, U.S. Virgin Islands. Coral Reefs 29:289-308

2009

looks Correa AMS, Brandt ME, Smith TB, Thornhill D, Baker AC (2009) Symbiodinium associations with diseased and healthy scleractinian corals. Coral Reefs 28:437-448

looks Vermeij MJA, Smith TB, Dailer M, Smith C (2009) Release from native herbivores facilitates the persistence of invasive marine algae: a biogeographical comparison of the relative contribution of nutrients and herbivory to invasion success. Biological Invasions 11:1463-1474

2008

scuba_diving Calnan J, Smith TB, Nemeth R, Kadison E, Blondeau J (2008) Coral disease prevalence and host susceptibility on mid-depth and deep reefs in the US Virgin Islands. Revista Biologia Tropical 56:223-234

scuba_diving Nemeth RS, Kadison E, Blondeau J, Idrisi N, Watlington R, Brown K, Smith TB, Carr L (2008) Regional coupling of red hind spawning aggregations to oceanographic processes in the Eastern Caribbean. In: Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute. Marine Sanctuaries Conservation Series NMSP-08-07 Belize City, pp. 170-183

scuba_diving Rogers C, Miller J, Muller E, Edmunds P, Nemeth R, Beets J, Friedlander A, Smith TB, Boulon R, Jeffrey C, Menza C, Caldow C, Idrisi I, Kojis B, Monaco M, Spitzack T, Gladfelter B, Ogden J, Hillis-Starr Z, Lundgren I, Bane Schill W, Kuffner I, Richardson L, Devine B, Voss J (2008) Coral Reefs of the US Virgin Islands.  In (Dodge R and Reigl B eds): Coral Reefs of the World. Vol 1. Coral Reefs of the United States. Springer, New York, pp 803

scuba_diving Rothenberger J, Blondeau J, Cox C, Curtis S, Fisher B, Garrison G, Hillis-Starr Z, Jeffrey C, Kadison E, Lundgren I, Miller W, Muller E, Nemeth RS, Paterson S, Rogers CS, Smith TB, Spitzack A, Taylor M, Toller W, Wright J, Wusinich-Mendez D (2008) The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the U.S. Virgin Islands. In: Waddell JE, Clarke AM (eds) The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2008. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment’s Biogeography Team, Silver Spring, MD, pp 567

scuba_diving Smith TB, Nemeth RS, Blondeau J, Calnan J, Kadison E, Herzlieb S (2008) Assessing coral reef health across onshore to offshore stress gradients in the US Virgin Islands. Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1983-1991

looks Woody K, Atkinson A, Clark R, Jeffrey C, Lundgren I, Miller J, Monaco M, Muller E, Patterson M, Rogers C, Smith TB, Spitzack T, Waara R, Whelan K, Witcher B, Wright A (2008) Coral Bleaching in the U.S. Virgin Islands in 2005 and 2006. In: Wilkinson C, Souter D (eds) Status of Caribbean Coral Reefs After Bleaching and Hurricanes in 2005. Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, and Reef and Rainforest Research Center, Townsville, pp 152

2007

looks Manzello DP, Brandt ME, Smith TB, Lirman D, Nemeth RS (2007) Hurricanes benefit bleached corals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(29):12035-12039